News and research on ADHD
ADHD was originally known as a hyperkinetic reaction of childhood.
It wasn’t until the 1960s that the American Psychiatric Association formally recognised it as a neurological condition, and in the 1980s, the diagnosis became known as “attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity.”
Much research has been done to better understand ADHD. While researchers acknowledge that some genetic variants increase a person’s risk of ADHD, they are yet to discover a causal relationship with a particular gene or set of genes.
Furthermore, due to the complexity of the condition, there has been suggestion that a person’s environment also has a significant effect on how likely they are to develop ADHD. More research is being done to understand whether some genes require environmental triggers to switch on.
Here you'll find some of the latest local and global news and research from Google News to help us understand more about ADHD.
It wasn’t until the 1960s that the American Psychiatric Association formally recognised it as a neurological condition, and in the 1980s, the diagnosis became known as “attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity.”
Much research has been done to better understand ADHD. While researchers acknowledge that some genetic variants increase a person’s risk of ADHD, they are yet to discover a causal relationship with a particular gene or set of genes.
Furthermore, due to the complexity of the condition, there has been suggestion that a person’s environment also has a significant effect on how likely they are to develop ADHD. More research is being done to understand whether some genes require environmental triggers to switch on.
Here you'll find some of the latest local and global news and research from Google News to help us understand more about ADHD.
Below you'll see a summary of the research pieces from New Zealand and overseas, which links to the original source, and opens in a new tab.
New Zealand research
NZ Ministry of Health OIA: Information regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
February 2023
Under the Official Information Act the Ministry of Health respond to a series of questions regarding the classification, diagnosis, support for ADHD and its societal impact/cost.
Find out more
February 2023
Under the Official Information Act the Ministry of Health respond to a series of questions regarding the classification, diagnosis, support for ADHD and its societal impact/cost.
Find out more
Shining a light on inpatient mental health services for children and adolescents in New Zealand: a view from complexity science
December 2022
Specialist inpatient mental health (IP-MH) services provide support for children and adolescents who are experiencing severe mental distress and need close observation, intensive investigation, or intervention that cannot be provided safely within a community setting.
There is limited information about such services available in the public arena and minimal research conducted in a NZ context. The aim of the research was to develop understanding of how the system is functioning today and to inform strategic policy inferences for the future.
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December 2022
Specialist inpatient mental health (IP-MH) services provide support for children and adolescents who are experiencing severe mental distress and need close observation, intensive investigation, or intervention that cannot be provided safely within a community setting.
There is limited information about such services available in the public arena and minimal research conducted in a NZ context. The aim of the research was to develop understanding of how the system is functioning today and to inform strategic policy inferences for the future.
Find out more
Medication dispensing among Māori and non-Māori screened for preschool ADHD
November 2022
To investigate whether tamariki Māori screened for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) concerns in the B4 School Check (B4SC) between 2011 to 2018 are as likely to receive ADHD medication as non-Māori children.
Find out more
November 2022
To investigate whether tamariki Māori screened for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) concerns in the B4 School Check (B4SC) between 2011 to 2018 are as likely to receive ADHD medication as non-Māori children.
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Minimising the harm of methamphetamine
September 2022
Funded by the NZ Drug Foundation and the Helen Clark Foundation, this paper begins by providing an overview of how
methamphetamine is used, by whom and why, how big the market is, what the harms are that it causes, and how it is currently regulated. They then recommend how they can reduce those harms by better implementing what the evidence tells them about how to lower demand and support people better using a mix of psychosocial, cultural, and pharmacological approaches.
Read the full report here
September 2022
Funded by the NZ Drug Foundation and the Helen Clark Foundation, this paper begins by providing an overview of how
methamphetamine is used, by whom and why, how big the market is, what the harms are that it causes, and how it is currently regulated. They then recommend how they can reduce those harms by better implementing what the evidence tells them about how to lower demand and support people better using a mix of psychosocial, cultural, and pharmacological approaches.
Read the full report here
Te Huringa: Change and Transformation. Mental Health Service and Addiction Service Monitoring Report 2022
2022
The Mental Health and Wellbeing Commission (the Commission) was set up as one of the recommendations of He Ara Oranga. One of the Commission’s functions is to monitor and report on mental health services and addiction services in New Zealand.
Find out more
2022
The Mental Health and Wellbeing Commission (the Commission) was set up as one of the recommendations of He Ara Oranga. One of the Commission’s functions is to monitor and report on mental health services and addiction services in New Zealand.
Find out more
Survey of adults with ADHD in New Zealand
October 2021
Get insights into some of the challenges adults with ADHD have in New Zealand.
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October 2021
Get insights into some of the challenges adults with ADHD have in New Zealand.
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Children with additional needs
June 2021
In October 2019 an Accord was established between the primary and secondary teacher unions (NZEI Te Riu Roa and PPTA) and the Ministry of Education as part of collective bargaining. One of the agreed pieces of joint work was a scoping exercise to determine the extent of the changes in student population over time, specifically children with additional needs: We want to understand whether children are presenting with more complex health, learning and behavioural issues than in the past, whether there are greater numbers of these children and how this impacts on workload for teachers and principals starting with schools.
Find out more
June 2021
In October 2019 an Accord was established between the primary and secondary teacher unions (NZEI Te Riu Roa and PPTA) and the Ministry of Education as part of collective bargaining. One of the agreed pieces of joint work was a scoping exercise to determine the extent of the changes in student population over time, specifically children with additional needs: We want to understand whether children are presenting with more complex health, learning and behavioural issues than in the past, whether there are greater numbers of these children and how this impacts on workload for teachers and principals starting with schools.
Find out more
A mixed-methods study into New Zealand adults’ experiences of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis and treatment in New Zealand
February 2021
The objective of this research was to collect perspectives, information about day-to-day living conditions, barriers to access ADHD care and support, and to explore the unmet needs of those living with adult ADHD within New Zealand. There was also an additional objective to discover if these needs match international reports on ADHD.
Find out more
February 2021
The objective of this research was to collect perspectives, information about day-to-day living conditions, barriers to access ADHD care and support, and to explore the unmet needs of those living with adult ADHD within New Zealand. There was also an additional objective to discover if these needs match international reports on ADHD.
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Number of people dispensed sedatives/ADHD treatments, 2005 to 2020
March 2021
Under the Official Information Act, Pharmac provide an updated version of the previously provided table for the number of people dispensed sedatives/ADHD treatments in 2020.
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March 2021
Under the Official Information Act, Pharmac provide an updated version of the previously provided table for the number of people dispensed sedatives/ADHD treatments in 2020.
Find out more
Number of people dispensed ADHD treatments by age and gender, 2016 to 2020
February 2021
Under the Official Information Act, Pharmac provide updated ADHD treatment usage data.
Find out more
February 2021
Under the Official Information Act, Pharmac provide updated ADHD treatment usage data.
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Adults with ADHD in Aotearoa New Zealand
2021
There is little research on the lived experiences of adults with ADHD, and none were found in Aotearoa New Zealand. The purpose of this study was to explore the similar and differing lived and ableist experiences between groups of adults who were diagnosed with ADHD in childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and those who suspect they have ADHD.
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2021
There is little research on the lived experiences of adults with ADHD, and none were found in Aotearoa New Zealand. The purpose of this study was to explore the similar and differing lived and ableist experiences between groups of adults who were diagnosed with ADHD in childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and those who suspect they have ADHD.
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School experiences of children with ADHD in New Zealand
2021
In this Canterbury University Master's Thesis, Andrew McKegg explored the school experiences of four New Zealand primary school children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the perceptions their respective parent(s) held of their child's experience of school.
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2021
In this Canterbury University Master's Thesis, Andrew McKegg explored the school experiences of four New Zealand primary school children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the perceptions their respective parent(s) held of their child's experience of school.
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2020 Stocktake of the Infant, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Alcohol and Other Drug Services in New Zealand
2021
The University of Auckland provide data from 2017 to 2020/21 on the access rates of our young people to mental health services and the various roles of those who work hard to support them and identify significant challenges in meeting the mental health needs of our children and youth.
Find out more
2021
The University of Auckland provide data from 2017 to 2020/21 on the access rates of our young people to mental health services and the various roles of those who work hard to support them and identify significant challenges in meeting the mental health needs of our children and youth.
Find out more
Medication dispensing for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) to New Zealand youth
September 2020
Global trends show an increase in medication dispensing for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in young people over time. The current study aimed to examine whether similar trends were observed in New Zealand youth over the period of 2007/08 to 2016/17.
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September 2020
Global trends show an increase in medication dispensing for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in young people over time. The current study aimed to examine whether similar trends were observed in New Zealand youth over the period of 2007/08 to 2016/17.
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Micronutrients affect gut bacteria associated with ADHD in small but promising study
August 2019
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who took micronutrients had lower levels of a bacteria linked to the psychological disorder, and a healthier range of bugs in their gut overall, new research shows.
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August 2019
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who took micronutrients had lower levels of a bacteria linked to the psychological disorder, and a healthier range of bugs in their gut overall, new research shows.
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It’s never too early, never too late: A discussion paper on preventing youth offending in New Zealand
June 2018
This report looks into the mental health and developmental disorders of young offenders and addresses ways to intervene on the entry pathways into the prison pipeline, which includes the support for young people with ADHD.
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June 2018
This report looks into the mental health and developmental disorders of young offenders and addresses ways to intervene on the entry pathways into the prison pipeline, which includes the support for young people with ADHD.
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Overseas research
New Australian Evidence-Based Clinical Guideline
October 2022
For the past two years, a large group of clinical professionals and researchers in the Australian ADHD Professionals Association (AADPA), and people with lived experience have worked extremely hard to develop the Australian evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the assessment and treatment of ADHD.
The new Australian guideline has been endorsed by the National Health and Medical Research Council.
Read the guidelines
ADHD New Zealand is encouraging the Ministry of Health to adopt the recommendations outlined in these guidelines. Hear the interview with Mark Bellgrave (Professor in Cognitive Neuroscience and President of AADPA) on Radio New Zealand.
Hear the interview with Radio New Zealand (22 mins)
October 2022
For the past two years, a large group of clinical professionals and researchers in the Australian ADHD Professionals Association (AADPA), and people with lived experience have worked extremely hard to develop the Australian evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the assessment and treatment of ADHD.
The new Australian guideline has been endorsed by the National Health and Medical Research Council.
Read the guidelines
ADHD New Zealand is encouraging the Ministry of Health to adopt the recommendations outlined in these guidelines. Hear the interview with Mark Bellgrave (Professor in Cognitive Neuroscience and President of AADPA) on Radio New Zealand.
Hear the interview with Radio New Zealand (22 mins)
General practitioner-centred paediatric primary care reduces risk of hospitalisation for mental disorders in children and adolescents with ADHD: findings from a retrospective cohort study
August 2022
General practitioners (GPs) play an essential role in the sustainable management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To our knowledge, the healthcare programme described here is the first integrated care programme for paediatric ambulatory care embedded in GP-centred-healthcare in Germany.
To compare the health-service-utilisation of patients with ADHD enrolled in a GP-centred-paediatric-primary-care-programme with usual care in terms of disease-related hospitalisation, pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.
Find out more
August 2022
General practitioners (GPs) play an essential role in the sustainable management of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). To our knowledge, the healthcare programme described here is the first integrated care programme for paediatric ambulatory care embedded in GP-centred-healthcare in Germany.
To compare the health-service-utilisation of patients with ADHD enrolled in a GP-centred-paediatric-primary-care-programme with usual care in terms of disease-related hospitalisation, pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.
Find out more
Dietary Interventions for ADHD: Emerging Research and Considerations
July 2022
There has been increasing interest in the role that diet and supplements play in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms, from patients and researchers alike.
A dietary approach to ADHD can be complementary to a conventional pharmacological approach, giving patients and their families more options toward a personalised treatment plan. The article examines current research about diet and ADHD, review important potential mechanisms (including the role of the immune system, gut microbiome, and toxic heavy metals), and comment on promising new avenues for the treatment of ADHD.
Find out more
July 2022
There has been increasing interest in the role that diet and supplements play in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms, from patients and researchers alike.
A dietary approach to ADHD can be complementary to a conventional pharmacological approach, giving patients and their families more options toward a personalised treatment plan. The article examines current research about diet and ADHD, review important potential mechanisms (including the role of the immune system, gut microbiome, and toxic heavy metals), and comment on promising new avenues for the treatment of ADHD.
Find out more
What causes ADHD? New Israeli study may have found out
December 2021
CDH2 is a gene that encodes N-cadherin, which is responsible for helping in brain synapse activity and formation.
A mutation in CDH2, however, alters this activity. This, in turn, impacts molecular pathways and dopamine levels in two specific brain structures: the ventral midbrain and the prefrontal cortex, both of which are involved in ADHD.
The implications of this finding could help pave the way for further understanding how ADHD works, and how it can be treated and managed.
Find out more
December 2021
CDH2 is a gene that encodes N-cadherin, which is responsible for helping in brain synapse activity and formation.
A mutation in CDH2, however, alters this activity. This, in turn, impacts molecular pathways and dopamine levels in two specific brain structures: the ventral midbrain and the prefrontal cortex, both of which are involved in ADHD.
The implications of this finding could help pave the way for further understanding how ADHD works, and how it can be treated and managed.
Find out more
One in Six College Freshmen Has ADHD — Most with Comorbidities
November 2021
From a World Health Organization survey of 16,000 college students across nine countries, researchers found that roughly 16 percent have ADHD.
In addition, 58 percent of students with ADHD have at least one comorbid disorder; 30 percent have two or more comorbid conditions.
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November 2021
From a World Health Organization survey of 16,000 college students across nine countries, researchers found that roughly 16 percent have ADHD.
In addition, 58 percent of students with ADHD have at least one comorbid disorder; 30 percent have two or more comorbid conditions.
Find out more
Adults with ADHD Face Elevated Risk for 34 Physical Health Conditions
August 2021
A study of roughly 4.8 million patient records found that adults with ADHD exhibit elevated risk for 34 of 35 physical conditions studied, including nervous system, respiratory, musculoskeletal, metabolic, circulatory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and skin conditions.
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August 2021
A study of roughly 4.8 million patient records found that adults with ADHD exhibit elevated risk for 34 of 35 physical conditions studied, including nervous system, respiratory, musculoskeletal, metabolic, circulatory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and skin conditions.
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Only 1 in 10 children with ADHD will outgrow symptoms
August 2021
Findings from the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD, which followed 558 children, show that only 9.1 percent of subjects “recovered” from ADHD.
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August 2021
Findings from the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD, which followed 558 children, show that only 9.1 percent of subjects “recovered” from ADHD.
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Efficacy of Non-pharmacological Treatments on Emotional Symptoms of Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
March 2021
Researchers concluded that “while adults might benefit from more complex forms such as Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), children with ADHD will benefit from more intuitive non-pharmacological interventions involving social relationships and interaction skills.”
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March 2021
Researchers concluded that “while adults might benefit from more complex forms such as Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT), children with ADHD will benefit from more intuitive non-pharmacological interventions involving social relationships and interaction skills.”
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DESR a Core Component of ADHD in Children, Leading to Sleep Difficulties
February 2021
Deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR) ia defined as “emotional impulsiveness, difficulties inhibiting inappropriate response, problems refocusing attention and disorganization of coordinated action in response to emotional activation, resulting in extreme responses that would be considered inappropriate for the developmental age of the person”.
It is more common and aggravated among children with untreated ADHD and is linked to greater sleep problems.
Find out more
February 2021
Deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR) ia defined as “emotional impulsiveness, difficulties inhibiting inappropriate response, problems refocusing attention and disorganization of coordinated action in response to emotional activation, resulting in extreme responses that would be considered inappropriate for the developmental age of the person”.
It is more common and aggravated among children with untreated ADHD and is linked to greater sleep problems.
Find out more
Disparate regulatory status of methylphenidate for adults with ADHD across Europe
January 2020
This article looks at 15 European countries (13 from the EU and two from the European Economic Area) to see who have approved at least one form of methylphenidate for adults with ADHD.
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January 2020
This article looks at 15 European countries (13 from the EU and two from the European Economic Area) to see who have approved at least one form of methylphenidate for adults with ADHD.
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: diagnosis and management
Updated September 2019
The National Institute for Heath and Care Excellence in the United Kingdom provided guidelines that cover recognising, diagnosing and managing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, young people and adults. It aims to improve recognition and diagnosis, as well as the quality of care and support for people with ADHD.
Find out more
Updated September 2019
The National Institute for Heath and Care Excellence in the United Kingdom provided guidelines that cover recognising, diagnosing and managing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, young people and adults. It aims to improve recognition and diagnosis, as well as the quality of care and support for people with ADHD.
Find out more
The social and economic costs of ADHD in Australia
Deloitte Access Economics was commissioned by the Australian ADHD Professionals Association to estimate the socioeconomic cost of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Australia.
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Attention Improves During Physical Exercise in Individuals With ADHD
January 2019
This study examined the effects of physical exercise on attention while participants were engaged in a continuous performance task and found the ADHD group demonstrated faster reaction times during physical exercise (25.4 ms faster) and decreased omission errors (1.5% better).
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January 2019
This study examined the effects of physical exercise on attention while participants were engaged in a continuous performance task and found the ADHD group demonstrated faster reaction times during physical exercise (25.4 ms faster) and decreased omission errors (1.5% better).
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Scientists find genetic variants that increase risk of ADHD
November 2018
Scientists have identified 2 particular regions in the genome where changes increase the risk of ADHD. The team says the findings could shed light on the biological mechanisms behind ADHD and could help destigmatise the condition.
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November 2018
Scientists have identified 2 particular regions in the genome where changes increase the risk of ADHD. The team says the findings could shed light on the biological mechanisms behind ADHD and could help destigmatise the condition.
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Ritalin-type drugs best to treat ADHD in children, shows study in UK
August 2018
Ritalin and other drugs of the same class are the most effective and safest medications to prescribe for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), according to a major scientific review.
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August 2018
Ritalin and other drugs of the same class are the most effective and safest medications to prescribe for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), according to a major scientific review.
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Association between ADHD and asthma
July 2018
Several studies have assessed the possible association between ADHD and asthma.
A population-based study was conducted that showed asthma was significantly associated with ADHD.
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July 2018
Several studies have assessed the possible association between ADHD and asthma.
A population-based study was conducted that showed asthma was significantly associated with ADHD.
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Multimodal therapy involving high intensity interval training improves fitness, motor skills, social behaviour and quality of life with boys
March 2016
A German study showed that multimodal therapy including high-intensity interval training (HIIT) outperformed multimodal therapy paired with moderate intensity exercise. The HIIT therapy lead to greater improvements in aspects of physical fitness, motor skills, certain aspects of quality of life, competence, and attention in boys with ADHD.
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March 2016
A German study showed that multimodal therapy including high-intensity interval training (HIIT) outperformed multimodal therapy paired with moderate intensity exercise. The HIIT therapy lead to greater improvements in aspects of physical fitness, motor skills, certain aspects of quality of life, competence, and attention in boys with ADHD.
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Link between ADHD, vision impairment in children
February 2016
A new study sheds light on a link between non-correctable vision problems and ADHD in children. Results from a large survey of 75,000 children suggest an increased risk of ADHD among children with vision problems that are not correctable with glasses or contacts, such as color blindness or lazy eye, relative to other children. This finding suggests that children with vision impairment should be monitored for signs and symptoms of ADHD so that this dual impairment of vision and attention can best be addressed.
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February 2016
A new study sheds light on a link between non-correctable vision problems and ADHD in children. Results from a large survey of 75,000 children suggest an increased risk of ADHD among children with vision problems that are not correctable with glasses or contacts, such as color blindness or lazy eye, relative to other children. This finding suggests that children with vision impairment should be monitored for signs and symptoms of ADHD so that this dual impairment of vision and attention can best be addressed.
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Effect of exercise on concentration of individuals with ADHD
February 2016
Physical activity has been used to prevent and improve ADHD and comorbidities; however, previously its effectiveness has not been quantified.
This study shows that intense exercise can improve the attention of children with ADHD and may help their school performance.
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February 2016
Physical activity has been used to prevent and improve ADHD and comorbidities; however, previously its effectiveness has not been quantified.
This study shows that intense exercise can improve the attention of children with ADHD and may help their school performance.
Find out more
Generic vs. individualised approaches to ADHD and Dyslexia
January 2016
The paper, by University of Auckland’s Dr David Moreau and Associate Professor Karen Waldie, acknowledges the important point that ‘neurodevelopmental disorders cannot be explained by intellectual ability or inadequate learning environment, but instead appear to be differences in brain function’.
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January 2016
The paper, by University of Auckland’s Dr David Moreau and Associate Professor Karen Waldie, acknowledges the important point that ‘neurodevelopmental disorders cannot be explained by intellectual ability or inadequate learning environment, but instead appear to be differences in brain function’.
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ADHD may have different effects on brains of boys and girls
October 2015
ADHD manifests itself differently in the brains of girls than in the brains of boys, new research suggests. The results may help scientists better understand how ADHD affects boys and girls in unique ways, the researchers said.
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October 2015
ADHD manifests itself differently in the brains of girls than in the brains of boys, new research suggests. The results may help scientists better understand how ADHD affects boys and girls in unique ways, the researchers said.
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Kids with ADHD must squirm to learn, study says
April 2015
New research shows that if you want ADHD kids to learn, you have to let them squirm.
The foot-tapping, leg-swinging and chair-scooting movements of children with ADHD are actually vital to how they remember information and work out complex cognitive tasks, according to this study.
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April 2015
New research shows that if you want ADHD kids to learn, you have to let them squirm.
The foot-tapping, leg-swinging and chair-scooting movements of children with ADHD are actually vital to how they remember information and work out complex cognitive tasks, according to this study.
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Inside the ADHD brain: differences between adults who have recovered, and those who have not
June 2014
Brain scans differentiate adults who have recovered from childhood ADHD and those whose difficulties linger, research shows.
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June 2014
Brain scans differentiate adults who have recovered from childhood ADHD and those whose difficulties linger, research shows.
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Adult ADHD under-treated despite effective interventions
October 2013
Up to two-thirds of children with ADHD find ADHD persists into adulthood, yet only a small proportion of adults ever receive a formal diagnosis and treatment, research suggests.
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October 2013
Up to two-thirds of children with ADHD find ADHD persists into adulthood, yet only a small proportion of adults ever receive a formal diagnosis and treatment, research suggests.
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Behavioural and cardiovascular responses to frustration during simulated driving tasks in young adults
April 2011
This study examined the role of negative emotions on driving performance in relation to ADHD, by impairing young adults scoring high on measures of ADHD with a control group.
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April 2011
This study examined the role of negative emotions on driving performance in relation to ADHD, by impairing young adults scoring high on measures of ADHD with a control group.
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